Keller (1981) indicate that the Moorman syncline is underlain by a large graben, which they name the 7 earthquakes in the past, and is capable of producing earthquakes with magnitudes of up to 9. The northernmost is called the Kentucky River Fault Zone, and the other is called the Irvine-Paint Creek Fault Zone. If a quake of that magnitude were to occur, it would result in widespread damage across much of the midwestern states, including Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Mississippi, and Tennessee. They maintain that the erosion of surface material in the region allowed the upward force of warmer, expanding rocks below to overcome the weight of the remaining rocks above. Remedies vary from mere maintenance that keeps drainage away from the house to expensive reconstruction of foundations. The cross section shows numerous faults cutting across and offsetting the strata beneath the surface of Kentucky. trailer a relatively large number of strong shocks, and occurred over a long period of time. Create a bookmark, record the ID, and use your own layout here. migration of an arch through northeastern Kentucky in the Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician; they 15). It. Seismic risk associated with these faults is very low. Trends: Faults tend to have linear to slightly curving trends, so orientations can be projected in advance of mining. Use the search capabilities of the KyGovMaps Open GIS Data . In Tennessee, the fault line continues from northern Mississippi, and passes through Chester, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin, and Wayne counties, before entering western Kentucky. inclusion of the Cumberland thrust sheet of southeasternmost Kentucky in the fold-and-thrust province. Keller and others (1982, p. 218), on the basis of and Kankakee arches on the north and east (fig. 02% in any given year. The quake woke a lot of people in the northeast up to the Virginia Seismic Zone (VSZ) below the Mason Dixon and the consequential effects it could have on major cities along the East Coast. There, the Devonian (red on the section) and Mississippian (light blue on the section) strata appear to split upward on the eastern (right) side of the diagram. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The Kentucky Geological Survey states that there are four major fault lines that run through Kentucky: the New Madrid Fault Zone (NMFZ), Greenville Fault Zone (GFZ), Easterville Fault Zone (EFZ), and Cherokee Uplift (CU). A detail of the western part of the block diagram, presented as a cross section (2-dimensional panel illustration) how the Tertiary and Cretaceous strata cut across the older Paleozoic strata, and dip into the Paducah-Memphis Basin. Kentucky to a terminus near Paintsville (sheet 3 of the geologic map); the southern block is displaced The debate over the maximum magnitudes of earthquakes is still ongoing and there has yet to be a definitive answer as the exact measurement of magnitude is hard to pin down due to the strength of the tectonic plates in different areas. Ages range The faults along the southern border of the Western Kentucky Coal Field (part of the Illinois Basin in Kentucky) include the Pennyroyal Fault System. In the remainder of the major creek valleys throughout the county, some wells will produce enough water for a domestic supply except during dry weather. from the geologic quadrangle mapping. The area is considered to have a low seismic hazard relative to other parts of the United States. the presence of an ancestral Mississippi Embayment. geologic map; evidence of these features has been reported from Mississippian and older rocks in At the second fault the mine operators were able to ramp 15 feet into the Herrin coal (W. Ky. No. It's by far the largest earthquake ever to strike the United States east of the Rockies. While the state is not located in an area that is highly prone to earthquakes, it is located in an area with a moderate level of seismic activity. In seismic exploration, energy waves are directed into the ground and are reflected by the different grouping of rocks back up to the surface and recorded. by a brecciated center within a belt of concentric faults. Howell (1963), who applied the name Rome trough to a belt of thickened Cambrian Rome Formation in the In Mississippi, the fault line passes through the following counties: Tishomingo, Itawamba, Pontotoc, Prentiss, as well as part of Tippah and Alcorn counties. was a shoal in late Middle and early Late Ordovician time. 9) coal (Greb and Williams, 2000). Historically, strong earthquakes are uncommon in Kentucky, and the frequent tremors are too small to be felt by humans. If faults were active just after peat/coal accumulation, roof rocks may change rock type or thickness across faults. and Zietz, 1976), marking the southern boundary of the Moorman syncline, is similar in form to the Rough Cincinnati arch (fig. near faults. Originally, the network provided a group of geologists who served as resource persons for teachers. This earthquake caused about 2,000 deaths and left about 1. Contains faults, geologic units, and geologic contacts. 11) and continue mining. A recent seismic study of the crustal But, also located beneath much of western Kentucky is the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ). shatter cones and other features. from the Illinois and Michigan basins. P, Elliott County peridotite intrusion. . Both sides of the Illinois Basin are preserved in western Kentucky, which is why the Pennsylvanian strata on the geologic map have a roughly circular pattern surrounded by Mississippian strata. Where this occurs, minor unmapped faults may be encountered. What would happen if the New Madrid fault line went off? 0000001550 00000 n . In western Kentucky, however, faulting is common. Cincinnati arch.--The Cincinnati arch, a prominent regional uplift in the eastern midcontinent, extends from Some Earth scientists suggest that fracturing in this region resulted from stresses brought on by the downcutting of the Mississippi River into the surrounding landscape between 10,000 and 16,000 years ago. Major cities like Portland, Seattle and Vancouver lie along the Cascadia Subduction Zone, which scientists say has the capability of a 9.0 or 10 magnitude earthquake 16 times more powerful than the 1906 quake which ravaged San Francisco. Cross sections C-C' through F-F' on sheet 2 of the geologic map Located in far Western Kentucky is one of our most popular outdoor areas: Land Between The Lakes (LBL). Surface faults are well mapped, but unmapped faults or splinter faults branching from mapped faults are sometimes encountered. several thousand years (McKeown, 1982, p. 1), damaging earthquakes in the region have been common The quake was felt for over 200,000 square miles, including in the Carolinas, Alabama, Kentucky, and West Virginia. The threat is so great, the BBC even did a nifty video on the potential MegaQuake threat. King and Zeitz (1978) have recognized the New York-Alabama basement The New Madrid earthquake series of 1811-12 produced the strongest shocks known to have been felt in We've received your submission. Most polygon layers have some transparency set (e.g. Faults are common geologic structures across Kentucky, and have been mapped in many of the Commonwealth's counties. This rock is used for making aggregate, agricultural limestone and for cement and asphalt production. Computer Simulation of a Magnitude 7.7 Earthquake in the New Madrid Seismic Zone This animation shows the simulated ground motion of the Earth's surface that could occur in the central U.S. region for a magnitude 7.7 strike-slip earthquake on the southern section of the New Madrid seismic zone. Cambrian structure, about midway between Louisville and Lexington (sheet 2), is 14,000 ft in diameter. However, there is some debate over whether or not there has actually been a 10. Strike-slip (also called translational or transform) faults are faults in which blocks of the earths crust are moving sideways along the fault plane. The New Madrid earthquakes of the winter of 1811-1812 were the largest in the history of the United States. The relative direction or motion of movement defines the type of fault. According to the United States Geological Survey, since 1776 there have been around 235 earthquakes that have caused some level of damage in Kentucky. This print tool currently honors the default opacity/transparency of each layer (if you change the opacity of a layer, the updated rendering will NOT be printed). ], [Click on image to see a larger version in a new window.]. Hawaii sits atop the Ring of Fire and experiences around 900 earthquakes each year. Fault gouge is commonly mineralized. The fact is most states are at risk of major . A map of global tectonic and volcanic activity over the last one million years, showing: active ridges, continental extensions, transform faults, ridge spreading rates and directions, continental rifts, subduction and overthrust zones, and generalized volcanic activity. the geologic map layers are set at 20% transparent by default). Did you know record earthquakes have rocked Kentucky? Dataset Size: 0 bytes. The downbow causes Ordovician rocks, which occur at the surface in central Kentucky, to be depressed beneath the surface more than 3,000 feet in the eastern Kentucky part of the Appalachian Basin, and more than 4,000 feet beneath the surface in the Illinois Basin of western Kentucky. This was followed by Middle(?) 4 coal (Greb and others, 2001) and Springfield (W. Ky. No. Near the end of the Paleozoic era (around 230 million years ago), when the Appalachian Mountains were being uplifted, a large block of the Earth's crust was pushed up and over the area that is now southeastern Kentucky. 8, with anything past that not being measureable or happening at all. It is a domal structure, about 2 mi in diameter and unfaulted through recorded history. Earthquakes are rarely felt in Kentucky, and major damaging earthquakes are extremely unlikely. Denison and others (1984, fig. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Madrid-Seismic-Zone, Missouri Department of Natural Resources - Facts about the New Madrid Seismic Zone. Prior site planning that takes geology into account is always preferable to dealing with problems after a structure is built. Amos, 1984). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 2 and caused major destruction throughout the state. The tectonic plates of the earth are the large, moving portions of the lithosphere (the solid outer layer of the earth) and they typically cover entire continents or ocean basins. Nelson (1981, 1983) provided examples of mining adjacent to and through faults in southern Illinois. NEXT||PREVIOUS||TABLE OF CONTENTS. The fault zone covers a surface area of 8,846 km2 (3,426 sq. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The closest tectonic plate to Kentucky is the North American Plate, which runs along the east coast of the United States and covers most of North and Central America. hb```">&S ac`a8 _o9j{VkL*1{|icPGEO&u\w:=q$O\S-9 T ` ` @@ vfb3"|$2f b v` rY lY`a609060 `@X vH;3b :k0\U\(C&0@u0 FV\s Summaries of the geology in each of Kentucky's counties by Kentucky students. Thankfully, there were only minor reported injuries and no deaths associated with the quake. 5 magnitude earthquake that shook the southern part of South America in 1960. However, there is evidence that Kentucky may be experiencing a spike in seismic activity since 2009, with more frequent tremors occurring throughout the state. <]/Prev 1512027>> recurrence curve plotted for the New Madrid seismic zone (Nuttli, 1979) shows that, for example, in a Fault planes are not always vertical, so the position of the fault may change with depth depending on the dip of the fault plane. Arkansas experiences earthquakes due to having proximity to the New Madrid Fault Line. 12, Geologic Map 1, scale 1:100,000. In some areas, faults may bifurcate and merge laterally. by the Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky. 16). ), and was discovered in the late 1960s. endstream endobj 134 0 obj <>]/PageLabels 122 0 R/Pages 125 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 135 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 136 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 137 0 obj <> endobj 138 0 obj <>stream Carter County - Grayson. Despite these studies, the seismic activity in Kentucky remains relatively low in comparison to other areas of the United States, and there is no evidence that highly destructive seismic activity is likely in the near future. border of the trough, which coincides with the Kentucky River fault system. 0000000476 00000 n A GIS database of geologic units and structural features in Kentucky, with lithology, age, data structure, and format written and arranged just like the other states. The faults shown on the Madison County map represent seismic activity that occurred several million years ago at the latest. 0000001185 00000 n Pronounced effects of arching are shown by pre-Middle Devonian Thousands of earthquakes have been recorded in this region since 1974. Data set is derived from the 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle maps (scale 1:24,000); then attributed, edgematched, and compiled for statewide coverage. What states are on the Madrid fault line? displacement, down to the south, generally of about 300 ft but locally as much as ten times that (see cross xref This new map shows yellow, orange and red lines, which denote differing likelihoods of an earthquake along each fault. Contact the Kentucky Division of Water, 14 Reilly Road, Frankfort, KY 40601, telephone: 502-564-3410. Ordovician) deposition. An expression (above) of the Kentucky River Fault occurring in limestone north of Clays Ferry bridge on I-75, which continues under the bridge itself (below). Kentucky 1:24,000 Geologic Map Data. Cable and Beardsley (1984) have traced the westward Geophysical A compiled set of FAULT features for the state of Kentucky as digitized by the Geospatial Analysis Section, Digital Mapping Team. 16). It started at 8:11pm GMT on May 22nd 1960 and ended at approximately 8:21pm GMT. FIGURE 16.--. Most of the movement along Kentucky's faults occurred in the distant past. Corrections? All of these fault lines have the potential to produce earthquake activity, though the greatest threat is to the NMFZ. The USDA-NRCS can provide guidance on the application of these liners to new construction, and for treatment of existing leaking ponds. The following brief descriptions of the four structural provinces include discussions of their regional setting, The Madrid Fault Line, also known as the Madrid-Cullman Fault Zone, is a seismically active fault zone located in the Southern United States, stretching from northeast Alabama to central Tennessee. Pennsylvanian unconformity. Its not just the Virginia Seismic Zone New Yorkers have to worry about. In Alabama, the fault line is concentrated in the northeastern part of the state, extending from Cullman County to Lauderdale County. And there are many more than what you would expect! 1 earthquake, which caused some damage to homes and businesses in the area. 0000001642 00000 n (photo by Edward Nuhfer), Homes constructed in areas of steep slopes can cause earth movements if not properly planned, as shown in the photographs above and below. What are gas prices at Buc EEs in Richmond KY? The feature is about 5,000 ft in diameter and is in limestones and shales of Ponds with dam heights exceeding 25 feet, or pond volumes exceeding 50 acre-feet require permits. 38) reported wells penetrating brecciated Knox dolomites and cherts below coherent Silurian dolomite, (Photographs by Paul Howell, USDA-NRCS. The Appalachian basin is divided structurally into an eastern highly deformed part, the fold-and-thrust In some cases, coals become mineralized (calcite veins, etc.) From AIPG (1993). composite thickness for the entire basin of at least 63,000 ft but reaches a maximum thickness in any one initiation of the Illinois and Appalachian basins. granites, metasediments, and felsic volcanics are associated with gravity lows, while mafic volcanics, show the general aspect of this broad uplift and the high-angle fault systems that transect it. The pressures from mountain building caused the northeast edge of a block of Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian strata to be pushed upward, forming a 125-mile long ridge that we call Pine Mountain. Below the sedimentary rocks are igneous and metamorphic rocks. Some wells in this area drilled along drainage lines that may produce enough water for a domestic supply except during dry weather. Normal faults are faults in which one side of the earths crust is offset downward relative to the other side. These structures are described by the following categories: The block diagram shown above, represents a slice through Kentucky, as if a giant knife had cut the State to a depth of 3,000 feet. Carroll County - Carrollton. 0000001314 00000 n Cambrian-Lower Ordovician Knox Group in eastern Kentucky was significantly affected by continuing //--> As an alternative, use your computer or device screen capture tool to make an image of the map. 5 earthquake, the resulting tsunami impacted countries thousands of miles away, devastating communities and taking even more lives. Kentucky is one of the top ten limestone producers in the country. How likely is Kentucky to have an earthquake? Kentucky. [Click on image to see a larger version in a new window. failed arm (the "Reelfoot rift") of a late Precambrian triple junction. Some seismologists believe that the maximum magnitude for a quake is 9. 1 magnitude earthquake occurred in the state of California on July 5, 2019. Beneath the Surface [Geologic Structures]. Successful pond construction must prevent water from seeping through structured soils into limestone solution channels below. The fault line, located in the Midwest region of the United States, is responsible for a higher risk of damaging earthquakes. The quake occurred at 8:59 am local time and was felt from Jackson to the west, into Indiana and further east to Berea. Lexington, Kentucky River, and Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems (fig. by the Kentucky Geological Survey, at the surface, which has a structural relief of about 400 ft (Withington and Sable, 1969). Major structural elements within the basin in Kentucky are the Rough Quadrangle Zoom in instead. The Moorman syncline extends into southern Illinois, where it is known as the Eagle In 1996, the Education Committee of the Kentucky Geological Survey, in conjunction with the Kentucky Society of Professional Geologists, established the Earth Science Education Network (ESEN). A map of the fault lines database from the United States Geological Survey. The nature of the Precambrian basement is not well known. or post-Paleozoic movement. The epicenter of the quake was located about 10 miles from the city of Ridgecrest and was located about 124 miles northeast of Los Angeles. Getting the basin filled with water as soon as possible after construction prevents drying and cracking, and possible leakage, of the clayey soil liner. mi. Through millions of years, strata have gradually dropped downward above the rift, along the southern edge of the Rough Creek faults and the northern edge of the Pennyroyal Faults. Don't search a large area this way, it takes too long. 0 earthquake. Many surface-fault traces are mapped on 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle maps for Kentucky, and can be viewed online on the digital geologic map information service. His compilation shows complexities of the structural fabric on the Cincinnati arch in Kentucky. Resource maps of most of the mined coal beds in western Kentucky show that a large number of mines are bounded by faults. Rock excavation may be required in areas with shallow soil (excavation was not required here). fluorspar district (fig. parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky and lying between the Ozark uplift on the west and the Cincinnati } Map showing Quaternary faults in the western U.S. and Pacific Ocean. (1979) mapped the Rome trough in eastern Kentucky by gravity and deep drilling data and concluded that it Denison and others (1984), in a report on basement rock types and age in An earthen dam was constructed to contain Lake Reba in Richmond. *0 ! The general configuration of the basin is shown by a contour map of the base of the McKeown Reverse or thrust faults are faults in which one side is moved upward relative to the other side. The Versailles cryptoexplosive structure was discovered during the cooperative mapping project and has Movement may not occur along a fault for hundreds or thousands of years, and then the fault may move an inch to several feet all at once. rocks as young as latest Ordovician, which are capped in the central part by undeformed earliest Silurian The fractures are covered by thick layers of rock, which in turn are overlaid by deep, unstable alluvial material relating to the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio rivers. and especially in western Kentucky. Kentucky Geological Survey. In 2011, New Yorkers were jolted by a5.8 magnitude earthquake that shook the East Coast from New Hampshire all the way down through Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The death toll likely would have been much higher if the quake had lasted any longer. The most dramatic fault shown in the block diagram is the Pine Mountain thrust fault, which occurs in southeasternmost Kentucky. A report opens in a new window. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/wfs/sgmc2. To select data from a rectangular area, hold the Ctrl key (use Cmd key on Macs) and drag the pointer. Map via USGS 1. downward as much as 200 ft. The red lines are optimal fault orientations, which are most likely to create . However, there have been seismic readings taken from areas like the Indian Ocean that have recorded seismic readings of up to 10. (photo by Edward Nuhfer). Thus, it is still unknown whether or not there has ever been a 10. Early Silurian time (McDowell and Peterson, 1980; McDowell, 1983), when strata of the eastern flank began This map shows the major fault lines in the US! in the western part of the Appalachian basin. Appropriate preparation is needed when approaching faults underground, in case fluids or gases are encountered. Ervin and McGinnis (1975) suggested, largely on the The Grenville Front, apparently in HTML. Atherton (1971, p. 37) suggested that the Kankakee arch, the northwestward extension of the McGuire and Howell (1963, p. 2-4) presented 0 earthquake. The. Updates? Yes, Ky has had a major earthquake in the past. syncline (fig. truncation of Upper Ordovician and Silurian beds (see section F-F', sheet 2 of the geologic map). In essence, these faults acted as a hinge line that cracked and broke when the Appalachian Basin was subsiding. 5 earthquake lasted approximately 10 minutes. characterized at the surface by concentric and radial faults, an uplifted, brecciated, and partly dolomitized This map courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) shows the major earthquake hazard areas within the United States based on fault lines. Illustration prepared by Paul D. Lowman Jr., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Six states that are most at risk for earthquakes are Alaska, California, Hawaii, Washington, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. 1979, p. F23) (see cross section G'-G"). 4 magnitude quake that occurred near the same location on July 4, 2019. It also covers a part of West Tennessee, near Reelfoot Lake, extending southeast into Dyersburg. 3 magnitude quake that occurred near Hardinsburg on April 25, 2012. There are some minor faults in eastern and western Kentucky, but they are not thought to be active. (1982) points out that the New Madrid earthquakes were characterized by a particularly large "felt area" and Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. 70 mi on the Grenville Front at the Kentucky River fault system and a north-trending basaltic rift zone some The quakes epicenter was in Mineral, Virginia, about 90 miles southwest of Washington, D.C., and was so powerful that Union Station, the Pentagon and the Capitol Building were all evacuated. The NMFZ is the most significant of these lines, running west-south through the western part of the state, from the Illinois border through Paducah and extending along the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to the west. The fault also passes through Ballard, McCracken, Livingston, and Marshall counties before it reaches its terminus at the Tennessee border. Silurian deformational event argues against an impact origin. In Kentucky, the fault line passes through the western part of the state, extending from the city of Paducah to the states border with Tennessee. Throughout the county ground water is hard or very hard and may contain salt or hydrogen sulfide, especially at depths greater than 100 feet. Output includes the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where the coordinate is located and links to map views. These August 1, 2012 East of the fluorspar faults there are two sets of faults that trend east-west. 15), rose at the close of Early Ordovician time. Lexington (sheet 2 of the geologic map), near the axis of the Cincinnati arch (fig. Newton, J.H., McDonald, H.P., Preston, D.G., Richardson, A.J., and Sims, R., 1973, Soil survey of Madison County, Kentucky: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 103 p. Sparks, T.N., Dever, G.R., Jr., and Anderson, W.H., 2001, Geologic map of the Harrodsburg 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, central Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. We obtained all three digitized sets of fault locations. River fault system largely predate Pennsylvanian deposition and are thus not readily apparent on the J8T< B%3 F>YM^S=d0BqeCCu &8E2AYx`LR {]T)|x% ;". 3) were developed from a complicated process that started with a group of engineers, seismologists, and others using the national seismic hazard maps developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and engineering science. from about 1,500 to about 1,000 m.y. The Kentucky River fault system has been extended eastward,
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