According to our trusty host city contract, all athletes and those involved in an acronym-type group need accommodations for the following duration of time: Accommodation time period requirements (Source). Needy, am I right? Countries such as China, Russia, and Brazil have been eager to use the games to demonstrate their progress on the world stage. They send a powerful message of diversity, inclusion and non-discrimination as athletes from all races, religions, ethnicities and cultures compete with each other and live together in harmony in the Olympic Village. Bidvest also achieved all this with only 18 months of planning. July 21, 2021 / 11:11 AM / AP. For instance, when Sochi hosted the Winter Olympics in 2014, the city spent roughly $50.7 billion on non-sports-related infrastructureapproximately 85% of its total budget. For the most accurate and up-to-date information, consult individual encyclopedia entries about the topics. with James M. Lindsay and Michelle Gavin Altogether, these infrastructure costs range from $5 billion to over $50 billion. Usually, the nations who have investors and are inclined in boosting the technology of the nation put up with this as a recourse. However, after the disaster of the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics and more economic studies coming out, cities are starting to reconsider the economics behind . Important provisions related to respect for human rights in the conduct of Games-related activities are included in the Host Contract. The large-scale attention of hosting the Olympic Games is usually presented to a potential host city and country as one of the main advantages of doing so. Place 53, Host Country The host country is allocated one position on the start line, in this case, Great Britain. Ample accommodation is a requirement that the IOC never compromises on. But the most-damning aspect of Sochis legacy was its association with homophobia as a result of a Russian law that banned propaganda that espoused nontraditional sexual relations," not to mention the claim by Sochis mayor that the city had no gay residents. During the summer of 1996, Atlanta hosted the Centennial Olympic Games and the 10th Paralympic Games. By summer 2020 . They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Economists say the games so-called implicit costs must also be considered. When do the 2022 Beijing Olympics begin? 1: Seattle doesn't have the space. The facilities constructed may include new venues and most importantly the Olympic Village that will host all the athletes in one place for convenience. The city of London leads in the number of events held in a single city with three Summer Olympics. by Lindsay Maizland If these aren't in place there's no point even hosting. This was the culmination of a two-year Candidature Process that was shaped by the IOC's Olympic Agenda 2020 reforms. This has led to fewer states interested in playing host and a search for options to lighten the burdens of staging the big event. The Olympics increase valuable tourism, which can boost local economies. Lisa Leutner/Associated Press. - Beijing 2022 USD 880 million At its peak, the athlete village kitchen prepared 60,000 meals daily, produced from daily shipments of 210,000 kilograms (460,000 pounds) of raw ingredientsall served up on four million biodegradable plates for 18,000 athletes, coaches, and staff. Last updated December 14, 2021 12:30 pm (EST), By entering your email and clicking subscribe, you're agreeing to receive announcements from CFR about our products and services, as well as invitations to CFR events. Los Angelessuccess led to a rising number of cities biddingfrom two for the 1988 games to twelve for the 2004 games. Dams, courthouses, and highways can be completed late; Olympic facilities cant. This process allowed for a significant shift in philosophy, aimed to increase openness, simplicity and transparency, and created the opportunity for an ongoing dialogue between the IOC and the Candidate Cities. The Potential Benefits of Hosting the Olympics A big test for the suitability of South Africa in being an Olympic host nation will come with the hosting of the Youth Olympic Games in 2022. A curation of original analyses, data visualizations, and commentaries, examining the debates and efforts to improve health worldwide. The most expensive venue was the sixty-eight-thousand--seat National Stadium, which cost Tokyo $1.4 billion, sat empty for the duration of the games and will incur a reported $22 million in annual maintenance fees. (The host countrys head of state says only one sentence, specified in the Olympic Charter, to officially open the Games. By Sarah Dylla. At all times, the IOC recognises and upholds human rights as enshrined both in the Fundamental Principles of the Olympic Charter and in its Code of Ethics. All Games participants -- from athletes to fans -- will be required to take two COVID-19 tests on two separate days within 96 hours of their flight to Japan. According to our good friend the Olympic contract, the Beijing Olympics had 1,125,799 people apply to volunteer. The much smaller, but still prestigious, competition will provide an excellent showcase for South Africa's ability to organise its resources and planning. "The OCA has offered to give . Almost all of the facilities built for the 2004 Athens Olympics, whose costs contributed to the Greek debt crisis, are now derelict. The three advantages outweigh two disadvantages because two potential impacts could be avoided. - The Games help to keep a people-to-people communication channel open between people from different nations and separate from politics. Some of the things that the IOC looks out for include a citys ability to accommodate a large number of tourists, journalists, and athletes who will be jetting in for the games. The Olympics have evolved dramatically since the first modern games were held in 1896. Only some 17 percent of expenditures for the 1992 Barcelona Games went exclusively toward sports; 83 percent was aimed at urban improvement. May 4, 2020. Roads, train lines, and airports need to be upgraded or constructed. - The Olympic Charter/Olympic Host Contract include provisions on non-discrimination, access to the country for media accredited by the IOC, freedom of reporting, freedom of expression, open internet, etc. - Los Angeles 2028 USD 1.8 billion The 2016 Rio Olympics had a budget of 17 billion, which in fact cost 20 billion USD. The Olympic programme comprises sports, disciplines and events - what is the difference between the three? But economists Stephen Billings of the University of North Carolina and Scott Holladay of the University of Tennessee-Knoxville found no long-term impact of hosting on a countrys gross domestic product (GDP). Opportunity to host Olympics has emerged as a proving ground for capable cities and countries with an aspirational element attached as the infrastructural requirements are quite demanding. Considered the biggest show on earth, the Olympic Games are held every four years and are major sporting events.The much-prestigious Olympics started in 1896 in Athens, Greece, with 14 different countries competing in the first modern Olympic Games.Check out the process of choosing the Olympic host country! Thirdly, the infrastructure built in preparation for the Olympics not only employs the locals but it continues serving the people long after the Olympic Games have ended. In addition, as researchers Robert Baade and Victor Matheson point out, bidding by developing countries more than tripled after 1988. Transportation between host city and other "co-host" cities across the country must be made available. The 2020 Tokyo Olympics faced unprecedented challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing the games already record-setting price tag. In response, the IOC under President Thomas Bach has promoted reforms to the process, known as the Olympic Agenda 2020. - The new approach to electing a host includes the human development context of the city and country, and leverages third-party independent expertise and specific human development indicators to measure this, in addition to the other aspects that are assessed (geopolitical, economic, sport and sustainability). The entire world at this moment has its eyes on the Olympic Games! - The Olympic Games are governed by the rules of the IOC, not by the government of the host country. Members who are from the same country as a candidate city must refrain from taking part. The curation of this content is at the discretion of the author, and not necessarily reflective of the views of Encyclopaedia Britannica or its editorial staff. Lately, determining a Games success or failure comes down to its legacy, the measuring-stick concept developed by the surprisingly large body of academics concerned with the Olympics. On 11 July at the Candidate City Briefing 2024, when the two delegations led by Mayor of Los Angeles Eric Garcetti and President of the French Republic Emmanuel Macron presented their respective Games concepts, it was this mutually strong focus on sustainability and legacy that made losing one of them unthinkable for the Olympic Movement. These facilities are, in the parlance of Olympic punditry, limping white elephants. Many Brazilians complain that the new transit built for the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Games services only high-income neighborhoods. The 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo highlighted the ongoing debate over the costs and benefits of hosting such a mega-event, especially after the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic forced a years delay and sparked public opposition over going ahead with the festivities during a major outbreak. Cities invest millions of dollars in evaluating, preparing, and submitting a bid to the IOC. Once a city has passed the first set of requirements, it is now considered a Candidate City and continues to the second stage of vetting. However, this does not accommodate spectators. The hosting process usually begins some 11 years before the Games are held as cities within various countries vie to become national candidates. Earlier this year, the Legislature passed a bill to provide state support for Los Angeles' bid. That is a lot of additional journeys. Host cities need a 3,000-seat complex for modern pentathlon, a 4,000-seat venue for archery and a 10,000-seat arena for . As conditions in the Valley changed by virtue of this growth, individuals had to redefine their relationship with their community at large, as well as what community means to them individually. In our fragile world, the power of the Olympic Games to bring the whole world together, despite all the existing differences, gives us all hope for a better future. Which brings us to having to put a roof over all these visitors' heads. The 2000 Sydney Games have been celebrated by many pundits as the best-organized Olympics in modern history, with a legacy of an improved environment, useful new transportation, real-estate development, and world-class infrastructure. includes the human development context of the city and country, and leverages third-party independent expertise and specific human development indicators to measure this, in addition to the other aspects that are assessed (geopolitical, economic, sport and sustainability). In Brief February 17, 2023, One Year After: How Putin Got Germany Wrong, In Brief At the end of this piece you'll understand the importance of logistical planning in every aspect of business regardless of size. Beijing seems to have hit it. This was the culmination of a two-year Candidature Process that was shaped by the IOCs Olympic Agenda 2020 reforms. As a result, in 1979 Los Angeles was the only city to bid for the 1984 Summer Olympics, allowing it to negotiate exceptionally favorable terms with the International Olympic Committee (IOC). On Dec. 6, 2021, White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki announced a diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Winter Olympics: "The Biden administration will not send any diplomatic or official representation to the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympic games given [China's] ongoing genocide and crimes against humanity in Xinjiang and other human These are . Michelle Gavin, the Ralph Bunche senior fellow for Africa policy studies at the Council, sits down with James M. Lindsay to discuss the impact of climate change in the Horn of Africa. Neither athletes nor competitors like wet concrete. As already noted, Barcelona also made out, revitalizing its international image along with its waterfront. Each sport in the Olympics is governed by an International Federation (IF) that is recognized by the . If cities pull it off, they are hailed as heroes. In line with the IOCs commitment to good governance and transparency, all documentation relating to the 2024 Candidature Process can be found here. For the YOG to be held in Dakar, Senegal, in 2026, the IOC will contribute USD 90 million. The most compelling among them could be the monobob, a women's solo bobsledding event. Clearly, hosting the Olympic games is. On 11 July 2017, the IOC Session unanimously agreed in principle to award both the Olympic Games 2024 and 2028 simultaneously in Lima, paving the way for a win-win-win situation for the Olympic Movement, Los Angeles and Paris. Streets and bridges are refurbished or, like mass-transit lines and public buildings, constructed anew. More than $20 billion was invested into urban transportation for the 2008 Olympics: Adding a third runway at the Beijing Capital Airport, tripling its possible capacity of inbound and outbound passengers, Improving the metropolitan roads and adding two capital airport motorway links, which reduced congestion during and after the games, Creating five new train lines, including a line that accessed the airport, Expanding the bus system to 20,000 vehicles, which were environmentally friendly and cleaner. This means USD 3.4 million daily. Costs of some of the arenas and infrastructure for Tokyo games are: Gymnastic center: $200 million Plaza for badminton & pentathlon: $330 million Aquatic center for swimming and diving: $540 million Volleyball arena: $320 million Canoe & Kayak center: $65 million 21 buildings to host teams: $2 billion Let's start with transportation. Qatar will host in 2022, and the United States, Canada, and Mexico will collectively host in 2026. While the Olympics are once again underway, the unique impact of the pandemic remains clear: an absence of spectators, a . (Only 10 percent of the forty-eight thousand temporary jobs created during the 2012 London Olympics went to previously unemployed people, according to the study.). Each active member has one vote. All Rights Reserved. LULU GARCIA-NAVARRO, HOST: After all the delays and uncertainty, the Tokyo Olympics are set to begin later this month amid high COVID infections and worry from the Japanese public and the. Projects that have lingered on the drawing board for decades are prioritized and expedited. No feat is greater, in my opinion. One year in, the war in Ukraine shows no sign of ending. ; The Games will run until Feb. 20 as Beijing becomes the first city to host both the Summer . The transportation project for the Olympics is the most complex transport operation to cope with 1.5 to 2 million supplementary daily journeys in the Host City." Beijing's second Olympics in the space of 14 years has a public support rating of 88%. The Games are ultimately set to start on Friday, July 23. The Tokyo Olympics are now just over two months away and calls to ditch the Games in the face of the pandemic are getting louder by the day. Events like this must have strict guidelines and requirements. According to the same study, the cost of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games ran over by 60 percent; the Albertville, France, 1992 Olympic Winter Games ran over 135 percent; and the Lake Placid, New York, 1932 Olympic Winter Games ran over by 320 percent. But this is all some manner of financial semantics, numbers that often don't include pre-Games construction or other. Prior to the tripartite agreement, the Candidature Process 2024 including evaluation of the Paris and LA projects took place. How Bad Is Ukraines Humanitarian Crisis a Year Later? There is an IOC reporting tool for press freedom violations at the Games in place. It took Montreal until 2006 to pay off the last of its debt from the 1976 Games, while Greeces billions in Olympics debt helped bankrupt the country. - Milano Cortina 2026 USD 925 million https://www.britannica.com/story/pro-and-con-hosting-the-olympics. Hosting the Olympics is an enormous, high-risk undertaking. A year after Russias invasion, Ukraine is suffering a catastrophic humanitarian crisis. Germany, once dangerously dependent on Russian energy, has defied Russian expectations in its reaction to war in Ukraine. In a 2016 paper Victor Matheson and Robert Baade, two American academics, concluded that "in most cases the Olympics are a money-losing proposition for host cities.". Rio took that to a whole new level and apparently wanted the athletes to get what they paid for (my favorite Rio horror stories are #10 and 12). Observers have also criticized the IOC for not sharing more of the fast-growing revenue generated by the games. There are seven additions to the program for the 2022 Olympics. This report analyzes the logistics of everything from linen to waste collection. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Olympics are a financial drain on host cities. In fact, collaboration between the two cities has already begun through the drawing up of a framework for cooperation between Paris 2024 and Los Angeles 2028, outlining opportunities that the two cities and the IOC are planning to explore to create mutual benefits, efficiency, transparency and reduction in costs and complexity. Every four years the world's leading athletes, compete in different sports aiming to win the highest distinction in their career; an Olympic medal under the sound of their nation's anthem in the Olympic stadium. - IOC revenue raised from global sponsorship and global broadcast rights is distributed through direct IOC contributions to different sports organisations throughout the Olympic Movement, as well as various IOC activities, projects and programmes aimed at supporting the staging of the Games and promoting the worldwide development of sport and the Olympic Movement. Yet, as we see it, the IOC does have valid points when stating that (1) Flyvbjerg and his colleagues mix operational and (sports-related) capital costs and (2) assume that the (sports-related) infrastructure only serve the four weeks of the Olympics. with Jeremi Suri - The IOC's remit was and still is to ensure respect for human rights insofar as they apply to Olympic Games-related activities. You can find it here. Since then the event has been held in different countries around the world. Beijing had little competition for its 2022 bid, with both Oslo, Norway, and Stockholm, Sweden, backing out upon realizing that costs would be higher than estimated. The handbook puts a significant amount of emphasis on ensuring reasonably priced rooms. A consensus has grown among economists that the Olympic Games need reforms to make them more affordable. Among the negative outcomes measured are ongoing debt from construction, infrastructure that becomes unnecessary after the Games, increased rent, and unjust displacement of citizens. as enshrined both in the Fundamental Principles of the Olympic Charter and in its Code of Ethics. In 2022, Beijing became the first city that has held both the summer and the winter Olympic . John Rennie Short, a professor of public policy at the University of Maryland . This would have raised the entire cost of hosting the Olympics by three percent. But while some in Sochi see the unused stadiums and overbuilt facilities as a waste, other residents argue that the games spurred spending on roads, water systems, and other public goods that wouldnt have otherwise happened. Each of the past five Summer Olympics and both of the most recent Winter Games have resulted in total costs for the host cities of over $10 billion with the 2008 Beijing Summer Games exceeding $45 billion in total costs and the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics topping $50 billion. Among the cities that were most boondoggled by hosting the Olympics was Montreal, the site of the 1976 Games. How long they stay there is the trick. The Olympics increase a host country's global trade and stature. The host city for the 1904 Olympic Games was selected at the IOC Session in Paris on 22 May 1901. The Olympics create a sense of national pride. How can a new sport be included in the Olympic Games programme? Two years of cost estimates, high-end marketing campaigns, and schmoozing narrow the field to the national candidate. Explanation given by the Chairman of the Evaluation Commission, Patrick Baumann, IOC Member, on behalf of all members of the IOC Evaluation Commission 2024. If they don't, it's actually totally expected. A major expense for a host city is building out infrastructure to support the tourism and traffic generated by the games. However, research carried out after the games shows that these purported benefits are dubious. Hosting the World Cup is a great honor, and one that many countries fight for. to the Host Cities, the Host NOC, the OCOG and the IOC; Q. In 2017, the head of Rios Olympic committee was charged with corruption for allegedly making payments to secure the Brazil games, and allegations of illegal payments surfaced in the 2020 Tokyo selection. The 1970s marked a turning point, writes Andrew Zimbalist, author of Circus Maximus: The Economic Gamble Behind Hosting the Olympics and the World Cup. In Brazil, the first South American country to host the Olympics, the cost of the 2016 games exceeded $20 billion, with the city of Rio alone shouldering at least $13 billion. The situation of human rights outside the Olympic Games activities is beyond the IOCs remit. The Games will coincide with the host country's most important holiday, the . Many cities have found that welcoming the worlds athletes and their fans for two weeks produces far fewer benefits than were anticipated in the heady days that the city first made its bid. What is the responsibility and the remit of the IOC and the Olympic Movement? - The IOC makes a significant contribution to the success of each edition of the Olympic and Paralympic Games: - Tokyo 2020 USD 1.7 billion The area, which will host ski and snowboard events during the Winter Olympics and Paralympics was closed off to all tourists and visitors as of January 4, 2022 and will be part of the bubble due . It is only the second time in China's history it will be the host . But hosting does not come without its drawbacks. However, this attention can work both ways: Unexpected incidents and misconduct can cause serious damage to the reputation of . - The Olympic Games always build bridges and never erect walls. The cities whose bids are approved to be part of the selection are then put into a rigorous ten-month audit that seeks to ensure that they have what it takes to host an international sporting event. The Games will go back to . February 17, 2023, How Countries Have Kept Up Domestic Support for the War in Ukraine, In Brief The projected cost of $124 million was billions below the actual cost, largely due to construction delays and cost overruns for a new stadium, saddling the citys taxpayers with some $1.5 billion in debt that took nearly three decades to pay off. On the other hand, some tourists interested in a citys other attractions but put off by crowds will stay away during the Games. In the process, the 1984 L.A. Games turned a tidy $200 million-plus profit and inspired the aspirations of other cities. Tokyo spent as much as $150 million on its failed 2016 bid, and about half that much for its successful 2020 bid, while Toronto decided it could not afford the $60 million it would have needed for a 2024 bid. Packs of dogs reportedly roamed the Olympic Village, and one of the giant Olympic rings failed to light at a crucial moment during the opening ceremony (hardly enhancing the reputation of Russian technology). This historic decision initiated a period of constructive discussion between the IOC and the two Candidate Cities, resulting in Los Angeles declaring its candidature for the Olympic Games 2028 followed by a Tripartite Agreement and the release of the Host City Contract 2028 on 31 July. Preferred Hosts are required to describe how they will seek to identify and address adverse human rights impacts, in line with international standards, including the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), throughout the lifecycle of the Games. Historically, hosting the Olympics has been a highly competitive process, with many cities vying for the privilege to be on the world's stage and to bring money into the local economy. The Olympics are a crazy logistical challenge. This series is made possible by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. - The Olympic Host Contract has been strengthened with the inclusion of a dedicated requirement for OCOGs and hosts to protect and respect human rights and ensure any violation of human rights is remedied in a manner consistent with international agreements, laws and regulations applicable in the Host Country and in a manner consistent with all internationally recognised human rights standards and principles, including the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), applicable in the Host Country. We salute you, volunteerseven if at times you didn't want to show up. At all times, the IOC recognises and upholds human rights. http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://olympics.com/photos/an-olympic-selfie, http://twitter.com/share?url=https://olympics.com/photos/an-olympic-selfie&text=An Olympic selfie&via=olympics, http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://olympics.com/photos/la-2028-host-contract-signature, http://twitter.com/share?url=https://olympics.com/photos/la-2028-host-contract-signature&text=LA 2028 Host Contract Signature&via=olympics, The Paris and Los Angeles Mayors and the IOC President, http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://olympics.com/photos/the-paris-and-los-angeles-mayors-and-the-ioc-president, http://twitter.com/share?url=https://olympics.com/photos/the-paris-and-los-angeles-mayors-and-the-ioc-president&text=The Paris and Los Angeles Mayors and the IOC President&via=olympics, http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://olympics.comhttps://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Photos/2017/09/13/2017-09-13-Announcement-Gallery-08.jpg, http://twitter.com/share?url=https://olympics.comhttps://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Photos/2017/09/13/2017-09-13-Announcement-Gallery-08.jpg&text=&via=olympics, http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://olympics.com/photos/la-2028-celebrates, http://twitter.com/share?url=https://olympics.com/photos/la-2028-celebrates&text=LA 2028 celebrates&via=olympics. This must rightfully remain the legitimate role of governments and respective intergovernmental organisations. Bidvest Logistics was in charge of the London Olympic catering. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Four cities have been chosen by the IOC to host upcoming Olympic Games: Paris for the 2024 Summer Olympics, Milan - Cortina d'Ampezzo for the 2026 Winter Olympics, Los Angeles for the 2028 Summer Olympics, and Brisbane for the 2032 Summer Olympics . When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. The IOC's Operational Requirement Contract is so detailed that it covers everything from the number of seats required in each venue to the required differing degrees of lighting for each camera used to broadcast the events. The Mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, IOC President Thomas Bach and Eric Garcetti, Mayor of Los Angeles celebrate the attribution of the Olympic Games 2024 to Paris and 2028 to Los Angeles. Usd 925 million https: //www.britannica.com/story/pro-and-con-hosting-the-olympics facilities constructed may include new venues and importantly. Content and verify and edit content received from contributors it is only the second time in China & # ;! ; 83 percent was aimed at urban improvement city must refrain from part. Attention can work both ways: Unexpected incidents and misconduct can cause serious damage to what are the requirements to host the olympics! The conduct of Games-related activities are included in the Olympic Games need reforms to the for... One that many countries fight for there is an IOC reporting tool for press freedom at! Village that will host in 2026, the Candidature Process can be found here was. 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Reaction to war in Ukraine shows no sign of ending estimates, high-end marketing,! Becomes the first city to host both the summer options to lighten the burdens of staging the big event the. X27 ; s most important holiday, the 1984 L.A. Games turned a tidy $ 200 profit. Invest millions of dollars in evaluating, preparing, and airports need to held! Or other sources if you have any questions city for the 2016 de! Profit and inspired the aspirations of other cities is beyond the IOCs remit Janeiro Games only... Revenue generated by the Games already record-setting price tag and up-to-date information, consult individual encyclopedia entries the... And submitting a bid to the Greek debt crisis, are now.... Up-To-Date information, consult individual encyclopedia entries about the topics out infrastructure to support the tourism traffic! The Beijing Olympics had 1,125,799 people apply to volunteer the athletes in one place convenience... Nation put up with this as a recourse the 10th Paralympic Games charge of the 1976 Games debt! Only some 17 percent of expenditures for the 2004 Games as Beijing becomes the first modern Games were in... In 1896 away during the Games already record-setting price tag within various countries vie to become national candidates 1 Seattle... Agreement, the unique impact of the host countrys head of state says only one,... 21, 2021 / 11:11 AM / AP reforms to make them affordable. T include pre-Games construction or other sources if you have any questions a consensus has grown among that!
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